SHOULDER INSTABILITY SPECIALIST
Shoulder
Instability
Shoulder instability occurs when the ball of the shoulder repeatedly slips partially or completely out of the socket. It most commonly develops after a traumatic shoulder dislocation but may also result from repetitive overhead activities or generalized ligament laxity. Treatment ranges from physical therapy to advanced arthroscopic or open stabilization procedures depending on the underlying cause.
Traumatic Dislocation
Pain • Instability • Apprehension
Therapy or Surgery
Stable Shoulder
What Is Shoulder Instability?
The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body, but that mobility comes at the expense of stability. When the ligaments, labrum, or surrounding muscles can no longer keep the ball centered within the socket, the shoulder may become unstable.
Some patients experience a complete shoulder dislocation. Others describe repeated episodes where the shoulder feels as though it is slipping, shifting, or about to come out of place. Many patients eventually avoid certain positions because they no longer trust their shoulder.
Common Causes
Traumatic Injury
A fall, collision, or sports injury may tear the labrum and ligaments, leading to recurrent instability.
Repetitive Overhead Sports
Throwing athletes and overhead workers may gradually develop instability through repetitive stress.
Generalized Laxity
Some individuals naturally have loose ligaments that allow excessive shoulder motion.
Common Symptoms
- Shoulder dislocation
- Partial dislocation (subluxation)
- Pain with overhead motion
- Apprehension when reaching back
- Clicking or catching
- Weakness
- Feeling the shoulder may "pop out"
- Loss of confidence during sports
- Difficulty throwing
- Recurrent instability episodes
- Night pain after instability events
- Loss of performance
How Is Shoulder Instability Diagnosed?
Diagnosis begins with a detailed history and physical examination. The mechanism of injury, number of instability episodes, sporting activities, and patient goals all influence treatment recommendations.
X-rays evaluate the bones and identify fractures or bone loss. MRI evaluates the labrum, ligaments, cartilage, and rotator cuff. CT scanning may be helpful when significant bone loss is suspected or revision surgery is being considered.
Treatment Options
Physical Therapy
Many first-time dislocations and patients with mild instability improve with rehabilitation focused on strengthening the rotator cuff and muscles that stabilize the shoulder blade.
Arthroscopic Stabilization
Labral repair restores stability for many patients with recurrent instability and healthy bone.
Bone Reconstruction
Patients with significant bone loss may benefit from procedures such as the Latarjet procedure or other reconstructive techniques.
My Approach
Every unstable shoulder is different. Successful treatment depends on identifying why the shoulder is unstable rather than simply treating the symptoms. Age, activity level, sport, bone loss, ligament quality, previous surgery, and patient goals all influence the best treatment plan.
My goal is to restore a stable shoulder while preserving as much normal motion and function as possible.
Related Pages
Concerned About Shoulder Instability?
If your shoulder repeatedly feels unstable or has dislocated, an evaluation can determine why it is happening and whether physical therapy or surgery offers the best chance for a stable, reliable shoulder.
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